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The South Sea Bubble

The South Sea Bubble occurred in 1720, and it centred on the South Sea Company that was formed in 1711 as a public-private partnership to manage and consolidate British debt. The company earned exclusive rights to supply African slaves to the ‘South Seas’ region, which is now Central and South America. This deal promised to be very lucrative and money-spinning, attracting all rungs of society to seek a slice of the cake. By August 1720, share prices of the company hit highs of above £1,000, but just a month later, in September 1720, the bubble burst, and prices tumbled to lows of below £150. The stock prices never recovered above that level until the company was abolished much later in 1858. More than 300 years later, the South Sea Bubble remains a byword of financial crises, a symbol of crowd greed as well as insider trading. But what actually happened?

south-sea-bubble

The 1637 Tulip Craze

In the 17th century, the Dutch became obsessed with buying tulip bulbs. Prices of the then exotic and luxurious flower type skyrocketed to extraordinary levels, but in 1637, they came down tumbling, and the bubble officially popped. Also known as the ‘tulipmania’, it became the first-ever recorded asset price bubble, with the term now symbolic of the dangers of human greed and speculation. But was the tulipmania a classic case of an economic crisis or just a socio-economic phenomenon?

tulip-craze